A

Aabharana

Means jewellery in Sanskrit, referring to all types of ornaments

Accent

A jewellery piece or design element that is meant to draw attention to a different focal point

Agate

A variety of chalcedony found in all colors

AGS

American Gem Society: a professional organization formed in 1934 by several independent jewelers and the founder of the Gemological Institute of America (GIA)

Akota

A type of bronze used in ancient Indian jewellery, named after the Akota Bronzes archaeological site

Alloy

A combination of metals fused together

Aluminum

A silver/white metal that is lightweight and malleable

Amber

The fossilized resin of prehistoric pine trees, which ranges in color from golden to orange-red

American Gem Trade Association

An organization tasked with maintaining ethical standards within the gemstone industry

Amethyst

A clear purple, blue, or violet variety of crystallized quartz

Amrapali

Inspired by ancient Indian royal courtesan, Amrapali jewellery is known for its historical and intricate designs

Amulet

A pendant or charm that is worn for its protective or magical powers

Anklet (Payal)

A chain or bracelet worn around the ankle, adorned with bells or charms

Anneal

The process of hardening glass pottery or metal, by alternately heating and pounding it

Anniversary Band

A ring, often an eternity band, which is given to commemorate an anniversary

Antique Finish

Jewellery with a deliberately aged appearance, highlighting its design

Antiquing

A finishing process used in jewellery to create an aged or vintage look by darkening recessed areas while leaving raised surfaces more polished, enhancing the piece's details and depth

Aquamarine

A transparent blue, blue-green, or green variety of Beryl, often considered a semi-precious gemstone and used in jewellery

Armlet

Worn around the upper arm, often embellished with stones and metals

Arsa

Traditional mirror ring worn by women, especially in rural India

Art Deco

A style characterized by angular geometric shapes, zigzags, bold colors, molded or faceted Czech glass beads, plastics (such as celluloid or Bakelite) and chrome

Asscher Cut

An octagonal diamond cut

Attigai

A choker-style necklace from Tamil Nadu, often featuring floral motifs

Azva

Wedding jewellery inspired by the seven vows of Indian marriage, often in gold

B

Baguette Cut

A rectangular diamond cut with four corners that create a rectangle or four-sided polygon

Bajuband

Traditional Indian armlet or bracelet worn on the upper arm

Bali

Hoop earrings, varying from simple to ornate designs

Bandeau

A narrow band, worn low, which encircles the forehead as a head ornament

Bangle (Chudi)

Rigid bracelets, often worn in pairs or groups

Bar Necklace

A necklace featuring a horizontal bar as the central element, often engraved with names, dates, or meaningful words

Basra Pearls

Highly valued pearls known for their purity and shine, used in luxury Indian jewellery

Birthstone

A gemstone that is symbolically associated with the month of one's birth

Biwa Pearl

A freshwater, cultured pearl from Japan

Black Antique

A jewellery piece that has had a long-lasting black paint applied to it

Bling

A general term for flashy jewellery, often worn as an indication of affluence

Blister Pearl

An irregularly shaped and hollow pearl, cut from the shell of an oyster

Blue Topaz

A topaz that is light brown or colorless when mined, which turns a vivid blue when exposed to heat

Bolo Bracelet

A bracelet with an adjustable clasp that slides along a cord or chain, allowing the wearer to easily adjust the fit

Blue Topaz

A topaz that is light brown or colorless when mined, which turns a vivid blue when exposed to heat

Book Chain

A Victorian style of chain that is made in solid gold or sterling silver, in which each link is a rectangular folded piece of metal resembling a book

Borla

A spherical pendant, especially popular in Rajasthani jewellery

Box Setting

A stone, enclosed in a box-shaped setting with metal edges that are pressed down to hold the stone in place

Bracelet

An ornamental band or chain worn around the wrist

Braided

A jewellery design element in which multiple strands of an often precious metal appear to be woven together

Brass

An alloy made up of roughly half copper and half zinc, which has a nice yellow color

Bridal Chura

A set of red and white bangles traditionally worn by Indian brides

Bridal Set

A complete set of jewellery designed to be worn together, typically includes necklaces, earrings, bangles, and more

Brilliance

The intensity and amount of light reflecting from inside a diamond or gemstone

Brilliant cut

Brilliant cut is the standard cut style for diamonds and consists of a total of 58 facets: 1 table, 8 bezel facets, 8 star facets, 16 upper-girdle facets on the crown, 8 pavilion facets, 16 lower-girdle facets and usually a culet on the pavilion or base

Briolette

A pear-shaped, faceted stone

Bronze

A very dense, heavy alloy of 60% Copper and 40% Tin

Brooch

A decorative pin or clip, often used to secure pieces of clothing or as adornment

Brushed Finish

A texturing technique used on metals, where a series of tiny parallel lines are scratched onto the surface with a wire brush of polishing tool

Buff top cabochon

A style of stone cutting, where the top of the gemstone is a dome (en cabochon) and the pavilion is faceted

Bulla

A large, amulet-like pendant, often with religious or protective significance

Butti

Small, pendant-like pieces used in hair jewellery, saris, or as part of larger jewellery items

C

Cable

A wire, often made of a precious or semi-precious metal, used in jewellery making

Calibre Cut

Small stones that are faceted and cut into squares, rectangles, or oblongs, and set close together

Caliper

An instrument for determining the thickness or diameter of a gemstone

Carat

A unit of weight for diamonds and other gemstones

Casting

A method of shaping metal by melting and then pouring into a hollow mold

Cathedral Setting

An elegant setting whose intention is to display the center stone as a focal point

Center Stone

A precious or semi-precious gemstone placed within an engagement ring's head, as the focal point

Chain Bracelet

A bracelet made of interlocking metal links, which can vary in size, shape, and design, offering a versatile and classic look

Chain Ear Cuffs

Ear cuffs made of chain links that wrap around the ear, offering an edgy and contemporary look without the need for piercings

Challa

A decorative waist chain or belt

Champakali

Necklace designed to resemble the buds of the Champak flower

Chandbali

Moon-shaped earrings, often encrusted with gems

Chandeliers

Elaborate, dangling earrings with multiple tiers or layers, resembling the decorative features of a chandelier

Channapatna Beads

Wooden beads from Channapatna, Karnataka, used in eco-friendly jewellery

Channel Setting

A stone setting method that fits stones of uniform size into a channel to form a continuous strip

Channel

A type of mounting in which gemstones are set into a channel, between two metal rails

Charm

A jewellery pendant or trinket, often worn on a necklace or bracelet to ward off evil or ensure good fortune

Chatelaine

A decorative belt hook or clasp, which is pinned at a women's waist and has several chains suspended from it

Chaton Cut

A round crystal jewellery stone shape with 12 facets on the pointed back

Chaturbhuj

A four-armed pendant, symbolizing divinity and power

Chitai Work

Traditional Indian metal artistry technique known for its intricate embossing on metals like silver, copper, and brass to create detailed patterns and designs

Choker

Tight-fitting necklaces that sit high on the neck

Citrine

A variation of quartz, citrine can take on many colors, ranging from light yellow to a brilliant orange, which may sometimes be confused with fine imperial topaz

Clarity

A term used to measure the degree to which a gemstone is free from flaws

Classic

A jewellery piece that remains popular beyond the era of its creation

Cluster

A term for jewellery pieces that have many precious or semi-precious gemstones, all set in close proximity to each other

Coin Jewellery

Pieces made using coins, often gold, as the primary decorative element

Collar Necklace

A broad necklace that covers much of the collar area

Collet

A round band of metal encircling a gemstone to hold it in place

Collier

A wide necklace, which encircles the neck from throat to chin

Color Diamond

A diamond that has a hue other than white

Color

A term used to measure the saturation of a diamond

Comfort Fit

A ring design, in which the edges of the shank are rounded for maximum comfort

Contemporary

A jewellery design that is relevant, based on the current trends

Contrasting Finish

A jewellery finish in which different parts of the piece have different finishes

Copper

A common, reddish-brown, metallic element

Coral

A form of Calcium Carbonate, secreted in long chains by coral polyps who live in colonies under the ocean

Cord Bracelet

A bracelet made of woven or braided cord, often combined with beads, charms, or metal accents for a casual, bohemian look

Creole earrings

A hoop earring, broader at the bottom than at the top, popular in the 1850s

Criss-Cross

A ring which has multiple bands that are not set parallel and intersect

Cross facet

Small triangular facets, above and below the girdle of a brilliant cut stone

Crown

The facets or portions of a gemstone, located above the girdle

Crystal

A body that is formed by the solidification of a chemical element, a compound, or a mixture, and has a regularly repeating internal arrangement of its atoms and often external plane faces

Cubic Zirconium

A man made gemstone that appears very much like diamond, yet does not have the same intrinsic properties, such as hardness

Cuff Bracelet

A wide, open-ended bracelet

Cuff Link

An ornamental jewellery piece which contains two, often decorated, pieces of precious or semi-precious metal connected by a bar which passes through a buttonhole

Culet

The pointed bottom of the pavilion, which is sometimes polished with a tiny facet and sometimes pointed with no facet

Cultured pearl

A pearl created by a mussel farmer or oyster farmer, under controlled conditions

Curry Chain

A chain design resembling a series of S-shaped links

Cushion Cut

A square or rectangular stone that has rounded corners

Custom Cut Gemstone

A gemstone that has been cut by a professional lapidary

Custom

A jewellery design that is unique to the piece

Cut Steel

Steel studs that have been machine stamped, cut with facets, and highly polished

Cut

A term which refers to the geometric proportions that dictate the reflection and refraction of light within a stone

D

Dainty

A piece marked by delicate or diminutive beauty, form, or grace

Damini

A traditional headpiece worn on the forehead, often part of bridal jewellery

Danglers

An earring style that includes a focal point which drops below the earlobe and is intentionally flexible so as to dangle to and fro

Darpan Kada

A bangle with a mirror as the central piece, symbolizing self-awareness

Dastband

Wristbands or bracelets, often with intricate work and precious stones

Deity Jewellery

Ornaments designed specifically for idols in temples, often replicating traditional human jewellery

Dejhoor

Traditional Kashmiri ear ornaments, symbolic of a woman’s marital status

Depth percentage

The measurement of a gemstone's depth (top to bottom) in relation to its diameter

Depth

The distance from a gemstone's table to its culet (top to bottom)

Dholki

Drum-shaped beads, commonly used in traditional Indian necklaces

Diadems

A semi-circular band worn around the head, which is usually jeweled and three dimensional

Diamond Cut

A name sometimes used in the colored-stone trade for brilliant cut

Diamond

A mineral composed of carbon that crystallizes in the cubic or isometric crystal system and is therefore singly refractive

Dog Collar

A snug necklace made either of rows of pearls or beads, which is usually worn high up on the neck

Dokra

Tribal jewellery made from brass and known for its rustic and earthy appeal

Domed

A gemstone shape in which the top of the stone is rounded, resembling half of a sphere

Double Prong

A jewellery setting in which each prong contains another prong alongside it

Drop

An earring style that includes a focal point which drops below the earlobe, often attached by a simple or adorned chain

E

Ear Chain (Sahara)

A chain connecting earrings to the hair, used to distribute weight and add elegance

Ear Jackets

Earrings with a decorative element that sits behind the earlobe, creating a layered effect and adding dimension to the earring design

Ear Studs

Small earrings that sit snugly on the earlobe

Earcuff

A type of earring that clamps onto the ear, requiring no piercing

Earrings

An ornament for the ear, most commonly worn in the earlobe

Ekka

A type of nose ring or stud, popular in certain regions of India

Elaichi Necklace

A necklace designed with motifs resembling cardamom pods (Elaichi)

Electro-plating

The process of applying metal (most often gold) to adhere to the surface of another metal, using electrical current

Elephant Hair Bracelet

A bracelet traditionally believed to bring luck, made from elephant hair or metal resembling it

Embossing

A technique used to create raised designs on the surface of jewellery

Emerald Cut

A type of shape and cut, emphasizing long parallel step cuts with clipped corners to create an octagon shape

Emerald

A gemstone of the beryl family

Enamel

A glass powder or paste that is applied to metal, then fired in an annealing oven to bake the glass onto the metal

Enameling

The process of applying colored material to jewellery, followed by high-temperature firing to create a glass-like finish

Engagement Ring

A ring signifying engagement to be married, often featuring diamonds or other precious stones

Engraved Jewellery

Pieces that have been carved or inscribed with designs or inscriptions

Enhancer

A type of loop that attaches a pendant or charm to a chain, but has hinges that allow it to be opened and closed

Epaulet

Shoulder adornments, often jeweled, signifying rank or as part of ceremonial attire

Eternity Band

A ring with a continuous line of identically cut gemstones, symbolizing everlasting love

Ethnic Jewellery

Jewellery that embodies the traditional designs and cultures of specific ethnic groups within India

European Cut

The style of diamond cutting popular from approximately 1890 to the 1930s, typified by a round girdle, a smaller table in relation to the diameter of the stone, and a large culet

Evil Eye Jewellery

Ornaments designed to ward off the evil eye, often featuring a symbolic eye design

F

Facet

A plain, polished surface on a stone

Fancy Cut

Any style of diamond cutting other than the round brilliant

Fashion Ring

A ring worn for decorative, rather than symbolic, purposes

Faux Pearls

Imitation pearls made from glass or plastic, used as an affordable alternative to real pearls

Fede Ring

A ring design featuring clasped hands, symbolizing friendship or betrothal

Feroza

Turquoise gemstones used in jewellery, known for their vibrant blue color

Ferronniere

A narrow band, with a center jewel, which encircles the forehead

Festoon Necklace

A necklace with a draped or garland-like design, often incorporating chains and gemstones

Figaro Chain

A chain design consisting of alternating small and long links

Figural Jewellery

Jewellery pieces shaped like figures or objects, often animals or flowers

Filigree

Delicate and intricate metalwork, often involving thin wires and beads

Finger Ring

A band worn as decorative jewellery around the finger; varies widely in design

Finish

A term used to describe the polish or texture applied to metal

Flat Band

A band that is squared on the edges and not domed on top

Floral Motifs

Designs inspired by flowers, common in Indian jewellery

Floral

A general term for jewellery design elements which depict flowers, leaves, vines, or plant-like shapes

Flush Setting

A jewellery setting in which a stone is set within a metal hole and metal is applied above the girdle

Folk Jewellery

Traditional jewellery that originates from rural or tribal communities, often handmade

Foot Harness

Ornamental chains or bands worn around the feet, often connected to toe rings

French Cut

A square or rectangular, multifaceted stone cut

French Ivory

A plastic produced to simulate ivory

Freshwater Pearls

An irregular pearl of various colors, produced by fresh water mollusks such as mussels and clams

Fringe Necklace

A necklace featuring a dangling fringe design, often made of chains or beads

Full Lead Crystal

The finest man-made crystal, with a high lead oxide content that serves to enhance its natural color spectrum

Full-cut Brilliant

A brilliant-cut diamond (or colored stone) with the usual total of 58 facets consisting of: 32 facets and a table above the girdle; and 24 facets and a culet below

Fusion Jewellery

Pieces that combine traditional Indian elements with contemporary or western design principles

G

Galaxy Diamond

A type of diamond containing small inclusions, giving the appearance of a starry galaxy

Ganesh Pendant

A pendant featuring Lord Ganesh, often worn for spiritual protection and good luck

Garland Necklace (Malai)

A necklace that mimics the appearance of a floral garland

Garnet

A family of stones having many varieties in color and their constituents

Gemologist

A gemstone specialist trained in gemstone identification, grading and appraising

Gemology

The science and study of gemstones

Gemstone Certificate

An official document, which is universally accepted to verify a stone's specifications and value

Gemstone

A precious or semi-precious stone used in jewellery for adornment

Geometric Jewellery

Pieces featuring geometric shapes and patterns, often in a modern or contemporary style

Gerlots

Small, long pendant beads

Ghungroo

Small, metallic bells used in jewellery, producing a distinctive sound with movement

GIA

Acronym for the Gemological Institute of America

Gimmel ring

A ring formed of two or more linked hoops, which fit together in a manner that make them appear as one ring

Gold Plating

The process of applying a thin layer of gold over another metal

Gold Washed

A term for a piece that has an extremely thin layer of gold, applied by either dipping or burnishing the metal, but are not plated

Gold-Filled

A term for a piece made up of a base metal, coated in a thick layer of gold (at least 10k and 1/20th of the total weight of the piece) bonded to its surface

Gold

A yellow, metallic element that occurs naturally in pure form and is used especially in jewellery

Golden Jubilee Diamond

A 545.67 carat brown diamond, discovered in 1985, and currently the largest cut and faceted diamond in the world

Goldsmith

A craftsman who makes and repairs jewellery in gold

Grading

Evaluation and results assigned by independent gemologists that allow sellers to assign pricing to diamonds and gemstones, achieved from comparison with master stones

Granulation

The process of decorating a metal surface with tiny grains of metal

Green Gold

Gold which contains a high proportion of silver, causing a greenish hue

Grey Gold

Gold which contains a high proportion of iron

Guttapusalu

A necklace style from Andhra Pradesh, characterized by clusters of small pearls or beads

Gypsy Setting

A setting where gemstones are set flush with the surface of the metal, giving a smooth finish

H

Haar

A long necklace that often reaches the belly, typically made of gold and precious stones

Hallmark

A mark stamped on jewellery throughout much of the world to attest to the purity of the metal after assay

Halo

A setting that encircles a center gemstone with diamonds or gemstones

Hammered Finish

A jewellery finish in which the piece is hammered to create many tiny planes, before polishing the result

Hand Engraving

A jewellery technique in which designs are artfully etched into a piece using hand-held tools (scraper, spit stick, scorper, graver) rather than a laser, casting machine, or chemicals

Haram

A long necklace, usually layered, predominantly worn in South India

Hasli

A traditional Indian necklace with a rigid, collar-like design, often made of metal and adorned with intricate patterns or gemstones

Hathkamarpatta

A traditional bracelet that extends to cover the back of the hand, often worn by brides

Hathphool

A hand-flower, a piece of jewellery worn on the back of the hand, connecting bracelets to rings

Head Chain (Matha Patti)

A chain worn on the forehead, draping over the hairline, often part of bridal attire

Headdress (Tikka)

Jewellery that adorns the forehead and is pinned to the hair, often seen in bridal collections

Heart Cut

A diamond cut shaped like a heart, with two rounded obtrusions at the top and a point at the bottom

Heirloom Jewellery

Pieces passed down through generations, valued for their historical and emotional significance

Helix Earring

A piece of jewellery designed to be worn on the upper ear's helix

Hoop Earrings (Bali)

A circular earring design that resembles a ring and passes through the earlobe

Huggies

Small, hoop earrings that 'hug' the earlobe, offering a snug fit and a sleek, minimalist look

I

IGI

Acronym for the International Gemological Institute

Illuminated Jewellery

Pieces that incorporate elements like LED lights, offering a modern twist on traditional designs

Illusion Setting

A setting technique that makes the stone appear larger than it is

Imitation Jewellery

Jewellery made from non-precious metals and stones, designed to mimic more expensive materials

Indian Rose Cut

A diamond cut similar to the rose cut, but with a flat bottom, commonly used in traditional Indian jewellery

Indrani Mala

A necklace consisting of multiple strands of pearls or beads, named after the queen of gods, Indrani

Infinity Bracelet

A bracelet featuring the infinity symbol, representing eternity, empowerment, and everlasting love

Infinity Loop

Jewellery featuring the infinity symbol, representing eternity and everlasting love

Initials

The first letters of a group of names, often a person's first and last name

Inlaid

Decorated with a material set into a surface

Inlay Work

A technique where pieces of colored stones, metals, or other materials are set into a metal surface to create patterns

Insignia Rings

Rings bearing a crest, emblem, or initials, often used as a family or personal signet

Interlock Chains

Chains designed to interlock in a specific pattern, often used in bracelets and necklaces

Intricate Filigree

Fine metalwork that uses twisted threads or beads of metal, commonly seen in traditional Indian jewellery

Invisible Setting

A style in which rows of square princess cut diamonds or other gemstones rest perfectly flush against one another, within a metal border or frame with no metal separating them

Iridium

A metal and member of the platinum family, which is often alloyed with platinum to improve workability

Ivory Jewellery

Traditional jewellery made from ivory, now banned in many countries to protect elephants

J

Jadai

The art of adorning hair with jewellery, typically involving elaborate headpieces and hairpins

Jadau

A traditional technique of embedding precious and semi-precious stones into a base of molten gold, popular in Mughal era jewellery

Jade

An opaque, semiprecious gemstone which is usually found in shades of green, but can also be found in lavender and rose shades

Jaipuri Enameling (Meenakari)

The art of enameling metal surfaces with intricate designs, originating from Jaipur

Jalebi Bail

Swirl or spiral designs in jewellery that resemble the Indian sweet, jalebi

Jali

A lattice-like design created in metal, often used in Indian jewellery for its delicate appearance and lightness

Japa Mala

A string of beads used for prayer; often worn as necklaces for their spiritual significance and aesthetic appeal

Jarao

Jewellery setting where gemstones are set without any metal showing, giving the illusion of a continuous surface of stones

Jarkan

Synthetic diamonds or cubic zirconia used in Indian jewellery for an affordable alternative to real diamonds

Jasper

An opaque, impure, polycrystalline variety of Quartz that may be red, yellow, or brown

Jewel Tone

Rich color tones resembling gemstones, used in colored gemstone jewellery

Jhumar

A side headpiece or hair ornament, traditionally worn by brides from the Indian subcontinent

Jhumka

Bell-shaped earrings that come in various sizes and designs, often embellished with gems and pearls

Jump Ring

A small, oval or round wire ring used to link charms or pendants onto a chain

K

Kaappu

Armlets or bangles worn to ward off evil, typically in gold

Kada

A type of broad, stiff bracelet, often made of gold or silver, and can be worn by both men and women

Kalire

Hanging ornaments worn by brides on their wrists, symbolizing prosperity and happiness

Kamarband

A waistband or belt, typically made of gold or silver, used to adorn the waist and complement traditional Indian attire

Kanthi

A type of necklace sitting close to the throat, distinct from longer chains or necklaces

Karanphool

Literally meaning 'ear flower,' these are large, floral-designed earrings

Karat

A unit of fineness for gold, equal to 1 part of pure gold in an alloy

Kasula Peru

Another name for Kasumalai, emphasizing the coin design

Kasumalai

A traditional South Indian necklace made of gold coins featuring images of gods or goddesses

Kolusu

Traditional anklets or ankle bracelets, often adorned with bells

Kumbham

A design motif in South Indian jewellery, depicting the pot of abundance

Kundala

Earrings; the term is used to describe various styles of traditional Indian earrings

Kundan

A method of gem setting, characterized by the use of highly refined gold to set stones, giving the jewellery a luxurious look

L

Lab Diamond

A diamond that was created through a controlled laboratory process

Lab Gemstone

A gemstone that was created through a controlled laboratory process

Lalatika

A forehead ornament, typically a pendant that hangs from the hairline

Lariat Necklace

A long, slender necklace that can be tied or looped in various ways, offering a versatile and elegant accessory

Latkan

Decorative tassels used in jewellery and attire, adding a playful element

Lavaliere

A necklace with a single, large pendant, often with a tassel or a drop

Layered Necklace

Necklaces designed to give the appearance of multiple strands, often mixing different styles and lengths

Leakage

The leaving or escaping of light through the facets of fashioned gemstones

Leather Bracelet

A bracelet made of leather, often featuring a simple band or braided design, and can include metal accents or clasps for added style

Leheriya

A dyeing technique influencing jewellery designs with its distinctive wave patterns

Lever Back

An earring back that uses a clasp

Liquid silver

The term given to strands of small silver beads which were made by carefully slicing tubes of Sterling silver into pieces and stringing them together

Living jewellery

Jewellery materials derived from living organisms

Locket

A pendant that opens to hold a photograph or keepsake, frequently part of Indian necklaces

Loha

Iron bangles worn by married Bengali women for marital bliss

London Blue Topaz

A popular variation of topaz with a vivid, dark blue-green color

Lost Wax Process or Casting

A casting process where a carved or cast wax original is encased in clay or other investment, before being melted at a high temperature, and replaced with molten metal

Lotus Earrings

Earrings featuring the design of a lotus flower, symbolizing purity, enlightenment, and rebirth

Luster

The appearance of a material's surface, as determined by the quantity and quality of light reflected

Luxury

An extravagant jewellery piece

M

Maang Tikka

A headpiece that hangs on the forehead, part of traditional bridal jewellery

Mang Patti

A headpiece similar to Maang Tikka but with chains that attach to the hair, covering the forehead

Mangalsutra Bracelets

A modern adaptation of the traditional Indian mangalsutra, these bracelets are worn by married women as a symbol of their marital status

Mangalsutra

A necklace worn by married Hindu women, symbolizing marital status and marital bliss

Master Stones

A set of diamonds used as a key to grade the color of other diamonds

Matching

A term used to describe a set of jewellery pieces with matching elements such as style or color

Matte

A finish created by using either a chemical process or an abrasive material to scratch the top layer of the piece, creating a dull and non-reflective surface

Meenakari

The art of enameling metal surfaces with vibrant colors, often depicting floral or faunal motifs

Mekhala

A traditional waistband or girdle, intricately designed, often in gold

Melange

A term for mixed diamond sizes, weighing more than 1 carat

Memorial Jewel

A jewel that is made in memory of a loved one, often containing hair from that person and frequently decorated with enamel

Micro Mosaic

A mosaic of very small, colored glass pieces (tesserae) inlaid in glass or hardstone

Midi Ring

A small ring designed to be worn on the middle section of the finger, above the knuckle, adding a trendy touch to ring stacking

Milanese Chain

A chain consisting of interwoven rows of small links, forming a mesh

Milgrain

Tiny beads of metal used to decorate jewellery, often adding a vintage aesthetic

Mine Cut

An antique diamond cut featuring a cushion or round shape and a chunkier look

Minimalist

A jewellery design which is simple and sparing

Montana Sapphire

A blue sapphire, primarily mined in the Yogo Gulch of Montana

Moonstone

A transparent, slightly iridescent, milky white variety of feldspar with white or light blue opalescent spots

Morganite

A rose-colored variety of beryl

Mosaic

A design created by pressing pieces of stone glass or ceramic tiles called tesserae in mortar

Mother-of-pearl

The opalescent material on the inside of mollusk shells like oysters and mussels

Moti

Pearls used in various types of Indian jewellery, from necklaces to embellishments on clothing

Motif

A decorative design or pattern used in jewellery, often inspired by nature or geometry

Mourning jewellery

Jewellery worn to commemorate the death of a loved one, usually in the form of a ring, brooch, or necklace

Moval

A gemstone cut that combines the tapered edges of a marquise cut with rounded points of the oval cut

Mukut

A traditional crown or headgear, often elaborately designed with gems and metals

Multi-Band

A ring that is composed of more than one band

Muthu Malai

A pearl necklace, traditional in South Indian jewellery, often worn in layers

N

Nakshi Mala

A necklace featuring intricate relief work, with designs that are embossed or carved into gold

Nath

A traditional nose ring, often ornate, symbolizing marital status in certain cultures

Natural Diamond

A diamond that was formed in the earth in an uncontrolled environment

Naulakha

A term describing jewellery worth nine lakhs (units of one hundred thousand), denoting very high value and intricate craftsmanship

Navapashanam

Literally meaning 'nine poisons', a mystical combination of nine toxic substances that are believed to have healing properties when properly combined in jewellery

Navaratna

Jewellery that incorporates nine specific gemstones, each representing a celestial body according to Hindu astrology

Navette

A ring shaped like a large marquise but set with many smaller stones

Nazaria Bracelet

A traditional bracelet often worn by babies and children in South Asian cultures, believed to ward off the evil eye and protect the wearer

Nebula Chain

A type of chain design that features a cloud-like pattern, often used in contemporary jewellery

Necklace

A piece of jewellery worn around the neck, ranging from simple chains to elaborate pieces adorned with gemstones

Necklet

A term used for a light necklace, often delicate and minimalist in design

Negligee

A long necklace that usually terminates in irregular length with tassels or drops

Netti Chutti

A forehead ornament worn in South India, similar to a Maang Tikka but more elaborate

Nickel Silver

A white metal mixture of copper, zinc, and nickel which contains no silver

Niloufer

A floral-inspired jewellery collection, often featuring lotus and other motifs in modern designs

Nose Pin

A small stud or ring worn on the nose, less elaborate than a Nath

Nose Rings

A hooplike piece of jewellery worn on the nose

O

Oil-drop Finish

A surface treatment giving jewellery a subtly textured, matte finish that resembles drops of oil

Oiling

A temporary treatment used to enhance the color of a gemstone

Old EuropeanCut

A round antique diamond cut, known for their chunky faceting and small table

Old Mine Cut

An antique diamond cut featuring a cushion or round shape and a chunkier look

Om Pendant

Jewellery featuring the sacred Hindu symbol 'Om', popular in spiritual and religious adornments

Onyx

A semi-precious stone often used in Indian jewellery, known for its deep black color

Opal

A precious gemstone known for its vibrant display of colors; used in various types of Indian jewellery

Opalescent

A term used to describe a surface with a lustrous, cloudy, rainbow-like array of colors, similar to what one might see in an oil slick or mother of pearl

Opaque

A term used to describe a stone that will not allow any light to pass through it

Open Setting

A type of gemstone setting that allows light to pass through, enhancing the stone's brilliance

Oppenheimer Diamond

A 253.7 carat yellow diamond, discovered in South Africa in 1964

Ore

A metal-bearing mineral from which metal can be profitably mined or extracted

Orna

An embellished scarf or wrap that complements traditional Indian attire, sometimes adorned with jewellery elements

Ornate

Highly decorated or embellished jewellery, often with intricate designs and multiple gemstones

Oval Bracelet

A bracelet with an oval-shaped design, often featuring a central oval element or an oval-shaped chain or band

Oval Cut

A faceted, elongated stone, round at both ends

Oval Link Chain

A chain made of oval-shaped links, offering a classic look suitable for pendants

Overlay

A technique in which a layer of metal is placed over another, differing metal, often used for decorative effects

Oxidation

A chemical process in which metals such as silver are blackened or tarnished as a reaction to sulfur and oxygen

Oxidize

The act of combining with oxygen molecules to make an oxide

Oxidized Jewellery

Silver jewellery treated to create a darkened surface for a vintage or antique look

P

Pachchikam

A jewellery crafting technique similar to Kundan, known for its rustic and antique finish

Pasa

A traditional piece of jewellery worn on one side of the head, usually adorned with gemstones and pearls

Patina

The discoloration that forms on metals such as silver and bronze, but is often planned for in the artist's design and can be introduced artificially through the use of chemicals

Patla

Traditional bangles, often simple in design, made of gold or silver

Pave

A large field of small stones set very close together to create wall-to-wall paved object

Pavilion

The portion of a gemstone located below the girdle

Payal

Anklets, typically made of silver, gold, or other metals, often embellished with bells or charms

Peacock Motif

A popular design in Indian jewellery, symbolizing beauty and grace

Pear Cut

A gemstone cut with a rounded, oval shape that comes to a point at one end

Pearl

A gemstone produced within the soft tissue of a living shelled mollusk, widely used in Indian jewellery for its elegance

Pendant

A piece of jewellery that hangs from a chain worn around the neck

Peridot

A yellow-green, transparent variety of Olivine

Petite

A small, potentially fragile piece of jewellery

Pique

Tortoiseshell or horn, which is inlaid with mother-of-pearl, silver or gold

Platinum

The most precious of white metals

Posy Ring

A ring engraved with a verse

Precious Gemstone

A gemstone that is of a very high value or price, due to its rarity

Princess Cut

A highly faceted square cut stone, similar to a brilliant cut, which has been adapted to a square shape to increase brilliance

Princess Necklace

A necklace of medium length, typically 7 to 9 inches, often with a slight drop at the center

Prong Setting

A gemstone held in place by small, finger-like wires, that are attached to the body of the ring, which bend over the edges of the stone

Q

Quality Mark

The hallmark or stamp on jewellery indicating the metal's purity

Quantum Pendant

A type of pendant claimed to improve physical and mental well-being through energy resonance

Quartz Crystal

Used for its healing properties and aesthetic value in jewellery, believed to offer spiritual benefits

Quartz

A hard, crystalline mineral used in jewellery making, available in various colors

Queen's Necklace

Inspired by royal jewellery, these are elaborate necklaces suitable for formal occasions

Quilling Jewellery

Handmade jewellery using the paper quilling technique, often colorful and lightweight

R

Radiant Cut

A rectangular gemstone which combines the shape of an emerald cut and the sparkle of a brilliant cut

Rajputana

Jewellery styles originating from the Rajput kingdoms, known for their bold and intricate designs

Rani Haar

A long, regal necklace often layered and studded with precious stones, symbolizing royalty

Refraction

The act of changing the direction of a light wave so the light enters the object in one direction and leaves it in another

Rhinestone

A faceted stone made of glass

Rhodium Plating

A process used to give white gold or silver a bright, reflective appearance

Rhodolite

A pink or purple variation of garnet

Ring Sizes

A measurement used to denote the circumference (or sometimes the diameter) of rings

Ring

A circular band worn around the finger, made from metals, gems, or other durable materials

Rope Necklace

A long necklace that can be layered or knotted, not specific to Indian jewellery but widely used

Rosary

A string of beads used in counting prayers

Rose Cut

A style of gem cutting that produces a flat bottom with a dome-shaped crown, resembling a rose

Rose Finish

A jewellery finish that makes the piece look as if it is made of rose gold, but contains no actual gold content

Rose Gold

An alloy of gold mixed with copper, which gives it a red tint

Rose Quartz

A translucent, milky-pink variety of Quartz

Round Cut

The most common style of cutting for both diamonds and colored stones

Ruby

A member of the corundum family whose red color comes from chromium oxide in the stone

Rudraksha

Seeds used to create prayer beads, believed to have spiritual significance in Hinduism

S

Sand Casting

A casting method in which tempered sand is packed onto wood or metal pattern halves and then removed from the pattern, before metal is poured into the resultant cavities and the mold is broken to remove castings

Sapphire

A precious gemstone, ranging in color from blue to pink, commonly used in Indian jewellery

Satin finish

A series of tiny parallel lines scratched onto a surface with a wire brush or a polishing tool to produce texture

Scatter Pin

A small pin usually featuring flowers, birds, and insects that is intended to be worn in a group with many other scatter pins

Screw

An earring back type for non-pierced ears, in which the earring is tightened against the earlobe by means of a screw with a flat round end

Seal

An engraving (intaglio) in stone or metal used to create an impression on a substance such as wax or clay

Seed Bead

Mass produced tiny glass or plastic beads made by slicing tubes into tiny evenly spaced pieces

Seed Pearl

A very small pearl popular during the Victorian period as accents set into gold jewellery or woven into long fringed necklaces

Semi-Precious Gemstone

A stone that is less rare and less expensive than precious stones, but is still valued for its beauty

Setting

A mechanism by which a stone is held by precious metal into a mounting

Shank

The part of a ring that encircles the finger, minus the setting

Signet

A private seal once impressed into wax to authenticate a document, which was often formed into a finger ring with the seal forming the bezel of the ring

Silver Filigree

Delicate jewellery made with twisted threads of silver, known for its lightness and intricacy

Silver Tone

A term used to describe a jewellery piece that is silver plated or coated, but not sterling silver

Simulated Stones

A general term for natural or synthetic substances which are meant to imitate authentic gemstones but are a cheaper version with a different chemical makeup

Single-cut Diamonds

A genuine diamond, commonly used in watch cases that contain only 1 facet

Sita Haar

A long necklace that sits gracefully on the wearer’s chest, often with intricate designs

Smoky Quartz

A variety of quartz that ranges in color from cloudy brown to a dark, root beer shade with a smoky appearance

Snake Chain

A chain that is made up of round, wavy, metal rings joined side by side to form a flexible tube with a smooth, scaly texture like snake skin

Soldering

A technique used in making and repairing jewellery whereby two pieces of metal are joined by applying molten metal, which has a lower melting point than the two metals being joined

Solid Diamond

A ring made of pressurized lab-created diamonds

Solitaire

A single gemstone set into a piece of jewellery, often a diamond

Sparkle

The act of giving off or reflecting bright, moving points of light

Spinel

A gemstone that comes in various colors, often mistaken for ruby or sapphire

Split Ring

A small base metal finding, resembling a key-ring

Split Shank

A ring design element which features a band that parts into two as it nears the head

Spring Ring

A very common kind of clasp used for joining two ends of a necklace

Square Band

A band whose shank is not rounded at the edges

Square Cut

A style of gemstone cut, resembling the emerald cut

Stackable Rings

A set of rings sometimes of contrasting styles which are intended to be worn on top of each other

Stainless Steel

A steel alloy including chromium and sometimes another element such as nickel or molybdenum

Station Necklace

A necklace with evenly spaced decorative elements, such as beads or gems, along the chain, creating a simple yet elegant look

Step Cut

A type of cut in which facets are long and rectangular. Can be found on emerald cut, Asscher cut, and baguette cut diamonds

Sterling Silver

A silver alloy made up of at least 92.5% pure silver, which is the standard fineness for silver

Stomacher

A very large bodice ornament, usually triangular, filling the area between the neckline and the waistline

Strap Necklace

A mesh chain with pendants suspended by a short, fine chain resembling a fringe

Stud

A minimalist earring style that includes a focal point attached to a post, which goes through the earlobe and connects to a removable back that keeps the earring in place

Sui Dhaga

Threader earrings, resembling a needle and thread

Super Fit Ring

A ring which opens and closes--similar to a bracelet or watch band--allowing it to slide into place before being secured

Symmetry

A term for the uniformity of a gemstone's cut, including the shape and placement of facets

Synthetic Gemstones

A gemstone that was produced in a laboratory rather than found in nature

T

Table Percentage

The diameter of a gemstone, divided by the size of the table

Tanmaniya

A pendant or necklace specifically designed for Mangalsutras, often with diamonds

Tanzanite

A semi-precious gemstone popular for its brilliance and known for its varying shades of violet ranging from deep, rich purple to lilac

Tapered

A piece that becomes gradually smaller toward one end

Tassel Earrings

Earrings featuring hanging threads or chains, often colorful and used for a bohemian look

Temple Jewellery

Traditional jewellery inspired by the architecture and deities of Indian temples, characterized by heavy gold work and spiritual motifs

Tennis Bracelet

A bracelet made up of individually set gemstones of uniform size and color, linked together like a chain, making the bracelet somewhat flexible

Thewa

A Rajasthani jewellery art form where gold is fused onto colored glass to create intricate designs

Thread Jewellery

Jewellery made from colorful threads, often combined with beads or metals for a contemporary look

Three Stone

A popular ring design that showcases three stones in a row, along the head of the ring

Tiara

A head ornament worn in the crown position

Tikka

A piece of jewellery that hangs from the hair and sits on the forehead, part of traditional bridal wear

Titanium

A silvery-gray, lightweight, strong, metallic element with atomic number 22, which is obtained from Ilmenite and Rutile

Toe Rings

Rings worn on the toes, known as 'Bichiya' in Hindi, symbolic of married status in Hindu culture

Toggle Clasp

A means of fastening two ends of a chain together, consisting of a ring on one end and a short bar on the other

Blue Topaz

A topaz that is light brown or colorless when mined, which turns a vivid blue when exposed to heat

Tourmaline

A semi-precious gemstone that can take on multiple colors and consists of a complex borosilicate

Translucent

Partially transparent

Trapezoid Cut

A gemstone cut into a four-sided shape with a short side, a parallel long side, and two equal ends

Trellis

A prong setting in which four prongs are interwoven together to hold the center diamond

Trillion Cut

A triangular-shaped gemstone cut, used for its modern look and brilliance

Tube Bracelet

A bracelet made of cylindrical tube-shaped elements, offering a sleek and modern aesthetic

Tungsten

A gray-white, heavy, high-melting, hard polyvalent metallic element that resembles chromium and molybdenum

Turquoise

A blue-green mineral used in jewellery for its unique color and supposed healing properties

Tussi Necklace

A type of choker with intricate designs, popular in Bengal

Twisted

A band or group of bands that are curved and/or have been interwoven together

Two-Tone

A jewellery piece that includes two separate metals, which remain separate and are soldered together to form one piece

U

Ulta-Teeka

A reverse teeka that hangs from the hair to the forehead, often seen in traditional dance costumes

Umbilical Belt

A decorative belt worn around the waist, sometimes adorned with chains that drape over the hips, used in classical dance costumes

Umbrella Earrings

Large, umbrella-shaped earrings, known for their statement-making appearance

Uncut Diamonds

Diamonds that have not been faceted or polished, often used in traditional Indian jewellery like Polki

Urn Necklace

A necklace that contains a small urn or pendant, sometimes used to keep ashes or perfumes

V

Vaddanam

A traditional South Indian waist belt worn during special occasions, often elaborately designed in gold

Vajra

A motif representing the thunderbolt weapon of the god Indra, symbolizing indestructibility

Vanki

A traditional armlet or bracelet worn on the upper arm, often in South Indian bridal attire

Varanmala

Garland-like necklaces worn by grooms during traditional Indian weddings

Vasli

A type of engraving or inlay work on metal, used for detailing in high-end jewellery

Vedha Ratna

Jewellery incorporating gemstones with specific cuts or settings, enhancing their astrological significance

Vedha

Piercing or perforation work found in traditional jewellery, allowing light to pass through gems

Vintage

An old, recognized and enduring piece of jewellery which remains valued due to its interest, importance or quality

Vivaha

Meaning marriage; refers to jewellery sets designed specifically for weddings

W

Waist Belt (Kamarband)

A belt worn around the waist, often ornate, to accentuate traditional attire

Waist Chain

A chain worn around the waist, similar to a Kamarband but more delicate

Waterfall Necklace

A necklace featuring cascading chains or gems, mimicking a waterfall effect

Wedding Band

A simple ring symbolizing marriage, often worn by both partners

Wedding Set

A collection containing both the engagement ring and the wedding band

Wheel Cut

A gemstone cutting technique creating rounded grooves on the surface, for decorative effect

White Gold

An alloy of gold with white metals like palladium or silver, often used in modern jewellery

White Metal

Any combination of alloys of non-precious metals such as lead and tin

White Sapphire

A clear sapphire used as a diamond alternative in jewellery

Whorl Ring

A ring design featuring spiral or circular patterns, often inspired by ancient symbols

Wind Chime Earrings

Earrings designed to mimic the sound and movement of wind chimes

Wraparound Ring

A ring that coils around the finger, often adjustable

Wrist Watch

A small watch, attached to a bracelet and worn around the wrist

Wristlet

A bracelet or band worn around the wrist, less formal than bangles

Y

Yantra

Geometric designs representing the universe, used in pendants for their supposed spiritual benefits

Yellow Gold

A gold that is yellow as in its pure form, often alloyed with copper and silver

Yoga Bracelets

Bracelets designed with stones or symbols representing spiritual or yogic concepts

Yoke Necklace

A necklace design that lays flat on the chest, resembling the shape of a yoke

Z

Zinc

An abundant, lustrous, bluish-white metallic element of the Magnesium-Cadmium group

Zircon

A gemstone used as a diamond alternative, known for its brilliance and array of colors

Zirconium

A metal used in contemporary jewellery, often as a setting for stones or as the primary material in minimalist designs

Zodiac Jewellery

Pieces designed around zodiac signs or symbols, often incorporating specific gemstones

Zoisite

A semi-precious gemstone which takes on a variety of colors including blue, violet, green, brown, pink, yellow, gray, and white

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