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C
Carbon Spots
Certain inclusions in a diamond such as crystals that have a dark appearance, rather than a white or transparent appearance, when viewed under a microscope. In most cases, these dark inclusions are not visible to the naked eye, and do not affect the brilliance of the diamond.
Carat
The unit of measure of weight of diamonds and gemstones. One carat is equivalent to 200 milligrams. One carat can also be divided into 100 "points." A .75-carat stone is the same as a 75-point or 3/4-carat stone. The word ‘carat’ comes from the carob bean, whose consistent weight was used in ancient times to measure gemstones.
Center Stone
The focal gemstone in any setting with many different stones.
Certification
There are many recognized gemological laboratories that grade stones for a fee. The one with the widest acceptance which is known all over the world is the GIA, Gemological Institute of America.
Channel Setting
This setting is used most frequently for wedding and anniversary bands, with the stones set right next to one another with no metal bars separating them.
Chip
A tiny missing piece of the diamond, caused by normal wear and tear, or by cutting.
Clarity
A diamond, being a natural stone often has natural imperfections, commonly referred to as inclusions, which actually contribute to its ‘signature’ or identifying characteristics. Inclusions are found within the diamond, and can be white, black, colourless, or even red or green. Most are undetectable by the human eye, and can only be seen with 10X magnification. Inclusions are ranked on a scale of perfection called clarity. Clarity
Clasp
The metal fitting that allows a piece of jewellery to be held fast. Clasps come in different styles and differ for items like necklaces and bracelets.
Claw Setting
A type of prong setting where the metal pieces that hold the stone resemble claws. These suspend a stone in an open mounting, allowing more light to enter from the sides of the ring to promote maximum brilliance.
Colour
The colour of a gemstone when exposed to light. Diamonds are usually colourless, reflecting most of the light that enters them as pure white light.
Coloured Diamonds
Fancy colours refer to diamonds with hues like pink, blue, green, yellow, and very rarely, red. Fancy colours are not included in the colour scale and are considered extremely rare.
Crown
This is the upper part or the top of a diamond, which lies above the girdle.
Crown Angle
The angle at which a diamond's bezel facets (or, on emerald cuts, the row of concentric facets) intersect the girdle plane. This gentle slope of the facets that surround the table is what helps to create the dispersion, or fire, in a diamond. White light entering at the different angles in broken up into its spectral hues, creating a beautiful play of colour inside the diamond. The crown angle also helps to enhance the brilliance of a diamond.
Crystal
A crystal is an inclusion characterized by a mineral deposit trapped inside the diamond.
Cushion-Cut-Diamond
A mixed-cut diamond shaped like a square pillow.
Cut
This refers both to the proportions and the finish of a polished diamond. As one of the four ‘C’s of diamond value, it is the only man-made contribution to a diamond's beauty and value. Cut refers to the angles and proportions a skilled craftsman creates in transforming a rough diamond into a polished gem. Cutting is based on scientific formulae and has been developed into an art by certain communities, craftsmen and designers.
Cutting style
Cutting styles are different from diamond shapes. There are three basic types of cutting styles, Step-cut, Brilliant-cut and Mixed-cut.
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